This reference list provides a foundation for Human‑Centered AI, organized by thematic areas including commercial practices, interaction, responsible and safe AI, standards, policy, professional societies, and academic institutions. It also includes a subsection highlighting Chicago‑ and Illinois‑based academic institutions.

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HUMAN CENTERED AI IN INDUSTRY

CGI, “Human-Centered AI.” https://www.cgi.com/us/en-us/artificial-intelligence/human-centered-ai/. Accessed 2026.

Cognizant, “Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence.” https://www.cognizant.com/us/en/glossary/human-centered-ai/. Accessed 2026.

Crescendo, “Human-Centered AI: Meaning and Real-Life Examples.” https://www.crescendo.ai/blog/human-centered-ai/. Accessed 2026.

Deloitte, “Ensuring a Human-Centered Approach to AI.” https://www.deloittedigital.com/uk/en/insights/perspective/human-centered-ai.html. Accessed 2026.

McKinsey & Company, “Human-Centered AI: The Power of Putting People First.” https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/people-and-organizational-performance/our-insights/human-centered-ai-the-power-of-putting-people-first/. Accessed 2026.

Salesforce, “Empower Your Business and Workforce with Human-Centered AI.” https://www.salesforce.com/agentforce/human-centered-ai/. Accessed 2026.

Thomson Reuters, “Human-Centric AI at Thomson Reuters.” https://www.thomsonreuters.com/en/artificial-intelligence/human-centric-ai/. Accessed 2026.

Tredence, “What Businesses Need to Know About Human-Centered AI.” https://www.tredence.com/blog/human-centered-ai/. Accessed 2026.

Toyota Research Institute, “Human-Centered AI.” https://www.tri.global/our-work/human-centered-ai/. Accessed 2026.

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HUMAN-AI INTERACTION IN PRACTICE

Apple, “Human Interface Guidelines — Generative AI.” https://developer.apple.com/design/human-interface-guidelines/generative-ai/. Accessed 2026.

Apple, “Human Interface Guidelines — Machine Learning.” https://developer.apple.com/design/human-interface-guidelines/machine-learning/. Accessed 2026.

Google, “People + AI Research (PAIR).” https://pair.withgoogle.com/. Accessed 2026.

Microsoft, “Guidelines for Human–AI Interaction.” https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/project/guidelines-for-human-ai-interaction/. Accessed 2026.

OpenAI, “UX Principles.” https://developers.openai.com/apps-sdk/concepts/ux-principles/. Accessed 2026.

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RESPONSIBLE AI

Amazon Web Services, “Responsible AI.” https://aws.amazon.com/machine-learning/responsible-ai/. Accessed 2026.

IBM, “Trustworthy AI.” https://www.ibm.com/trust/responsible-ai/. Accessed 2026.

Microsoft, “Responsible AI.” https://www.microsoft.com/ai/responsible-ai/. Accessed 2026.

SAP, “Responsible AI.” https://www.sap.com/products/artificial-intelligence/ai-ethics.html. Accessed 2026.

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SAFETY AND GOVERNANCE

Anthropic, “Responsible Scaling Policy.” https://www.anthropic.com/responsible-scaling-policy/. Accessed 2026.

OpenAI, “Safety and Alignment — Overview.” https://openai.com/safety/. Accessed 2026.

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CONTENT INTEGRITY

Adobe, “Content Authenticity Initiative.” https://contentauthenticity.org/. Accessed 2026.

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STANDARDS

IEEE Standards Association, “IEEE 7000‑2021 — IEEE Standard Model Process for Addressing Ethical Concerns during System Design,” Sep. 2021. https://standards.ieee.org/standard/7000-2021.html. Accessed 2026.

ISO, “ISO 9241‑11:2018 — Ergonomics of Human‑System Interaction — Part 11: Usability: Definitions and Concepts,” 2018. https://www.iso.org/standard/63500.html. Accessed 2026.

ISO, “ISO 9241‑210:2019 — Ergonomics of Human‑System Interaction — Part 210: Human‑Centred Design for Interactive Systems,” 2019. https://www.iso.org/standard/77520.html. Accessed 2026.

ISO/IEC, “ISO/IEC 42001:2023 — Information technology — Artificial intelligence — Management system,” Dec. 2023. https://www.iso.org/standard/81230.html. Accessed 2026.

World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), “Accessible Rich Internet Applications (WAI‑ARIA) 1.2,” W3C Recommendation, Oct. 2023. https://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria-1.2/. Accessed 2026.

World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), “WAI‑ARIA Authoring Practices Guide (APG),” Living document. https://www.w3.org/WAI/ARIA/apg/. Accessed 2026.

World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), “Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.2,” W3C Recommendation, Oct. 2023. https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG22/. Accessed 2026.

World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), “Verifiable Credentials Data Model v1.1,” W3C Recommendation, Mar. 2022. https://www.w3.org/TR/vc-data-model/. Accessed 2026.

PHYSICAL AI

IEEE Standards Association, “IEEE 7010‑2020 — IEEE Recommended Practice for Assessing the Impact of Autonomous and Intelligent Systems on Human Well‑Being,” Dec. 2020. https://standards.ieee.org/standard/7010-2020.html. Accessed 2026.

ISO, “ISO 10218‑2:2025 — Robotics — Safety requirements — Part 2: Industrial robot applications and robot cells,” 2025. https://www.iso.org/standard/73934.html. Accessed 2026.

ISO, “ISO 12100:2010 — Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk reduction,” 2010. https://www.iso.org/standard/51528.html. Accessed 2026.

ISO, “ISO 13482:2014 — Robots and robotic devices — Safety requirements for personal care robots,” 2014. https://www.iso.org/standard/53820.html. Accessed 2026.

ISO, “ISO/TS 15066:2016 — Robots and robotic devices — Collaborative robots,” 2016. https://www.iso.org/standard/62996.html. Accessed 2026.

UL Standards & Engagement, “UL 4600 — Standard for Safety for the Evaluation of Autonomous Products,” 2020. https://www.shopulstandards.com/ProductDetail.aspx?productId=UL4600. Accessed 2026.

RISK MANAGEMENT

ISO/IEC, “ISO/IEC 23894:2023 — Information technology — Artificial intelligence — Guidance on risk management,” 2023. https://www.iso.org/standard/77304.html. Accessed 2026.

National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), “Artificial Intelligence Risk Management Framework (AI RMF 1.0),” Jan. 2023. https://www.nist.gov/itl/ai-risk-management-framework/. Accessed 2026.

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POLICY AND ETHICS

European Union, “Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (Artificial Intelligence Act),” Jun. 2024. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/. Accessed 2026.

Organisation for Economic Co‑operation and Development (OECD), “Recommendation of the Council on Artificial Intelligence,” OECD/LEGAL/0449, May 2019. https://legalinstruments.oecd.org/en/instruments/OECD-LEGAL-0449/. Accessed 2026.

UNESCO, “Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence,” Nov. 2021. https://www.unesco.org/en/artificial-intelligence/recommendation-ethics/. Accessed 2026.

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PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES

Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (HFES). https://www.hfes.org/. Accessed 2026.

Human-Centered AI Society (HCAIS). https://hcais.org/. Accessed 2026.

IEEE Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Society (SMC). https://www.ieeesmc.org/. Accessed 2026.

Partnership on AI (PAI). https://partnershiponai.org/. Accessed 2026.

Special Interest Group on Computer–Human Interaction (SIGCHI). https://sigchi.org/. Accessed 2026.

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RESEARCH INSTITUTES AND ACADEMIC INITIATIVES

Carnegie Mellon University, “Human–Computer Interaction Institute (HCII).” https://www.hcii.cmu.edu/. Accessed 2026.

Georgia Institute of Technology, “Institute for People and Technology.” https://research.gatech.edu/ipat/. Accessed 2026.

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Media Lab, “Advancing Humans with AI (AHA).” https://www.media.mit.edu/groups/aha/overview/. Accessed 2026.

Northeastern University, “Institutes for Experiential AI and Experiential Robotics.” https://www.northeastern.edu/ai/research/. Accessed 2026.

Open Visualization Academy. https://openvisualizationacademy.org/. Accessed 2026.

Stanford University, “Stanford Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence (HAI).” https://hai.stanford.edu/. Accessed 2026.

University of California, Berkeley, “Responsible AI.” https://re-ai.berkeley.edu/. Accessed 2026.

University of Washington, “Human-Centered Computing.” https://dub.washington.edu/ and https://www.cs.washington.edu/research/human-centered-computing/. Accessed 2026.

CHICAGO AND ILLINOIS SUBSECTION

DePaul University, “RAISE Lab — Responsible AI Systems and Societal Experiences.” https://raise.jaylcunningham.com/. Accessed 2026.

Northwestern University, “Center for Human–Computer Interaction + Design.” https://www.hci.northwestern.edu/. Accessed 2026.

University of Chicago Booth School of Business, “Center for Applied Artificial Intelligence.” https://www.chicagobooth.edu/research/center-for-applied-artificial-intelligence/. Accessed 2026.

University of Chicago, “Chicago Human+AI Lab (CHAI).” https://chicagohai.github.io/. Accessed 2026.

University of Illinois Chicago, “Human-Centered Engineering Lab.” https://sites.google.com/view/human-centered-engineering/. Accessed 2026.

University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign, “Human-Centered Autonomy Lab.” https://thehcalab.web.illinois.edu/. Accessed 2026.

University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign, “Social Sensing and Intelligence Lab.” https://www.wangdong.org/sslab/. Accessed 2026.